WHY THEY NEED PATIENT CARE?

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Infecting others. Having an untreated STD clearly increases your chances of infecting others. Even if you use condoms and have safer sex, there is still a chance of transmission. This is particularly true for STDs such as the human papillomavirus (HPV), for which condoms only offer partial protection.

Even if an STD can't be treated (as with HPV, HIV, genital herpes, and hepatitis B), knowing your condition can help you get the therapy and information you need to lower your infectivity.

Becoming Infertile. Curable STDs like chlamydia and gonorrhoea, if left untreated, can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and infertility in both men and women.

Syphilis complications can also cause the epididymis to become obstructed, increasing the risk of male infertility. If you are in a relationship or plan to start a family in the future, it is critical to get tested for STDs to protect your chances of becoming pregnant.

The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) now advises chlamydia and gonorrhoea screening in all sexually active women aged 24 and younger, as well as older women at a higher risk of infection.

Putting a Pregnancy in Danger. There are a number of STDs that can endanger both the mother and the unborn child. An illness can not only affect the viability of a pregnancy, but it can also pass the infection to your baby before or during delivery.

Untreated chlamydia in pregnant women, for example, increases the risk of miscarriage, early birth, and stillbirth. During vaginal birth, gonorrhoea can be transferred from mother to kid, resulting in a potentially serious eye infection. Syphilis and herpes can be potentially fatal in a newborn.

Getting or Passing HIV. Infection with certain STDs, especially ulcerative infections like herpes and syphilis, can make you more vulnerable to HIV. The HIV virus can easily enter the body through the open sores generated by these diseases. The danger is especially high for persons who have vaginal or anal sex, as the ulcers may be inside. 

However, ulcerative STDs aren't the only danger. Every STD has the potential to cause vaginal inflammation. Immune cells will flood the tissues to fight the infection if this happens. 

Many front-line cells (particularly macrophages and dendritic cells) "catch" HIV and present it to CD4 T-cells for neutralization. CD4 T-cells, ironically, are the primary target of HIV infection. As a result, the body's own immune reaction may aid in the infection's spread.

Furthermore, having HIV and another STD increases the amount of viral shedding in the body.

Developing complications. If left untreated, STDs can cause severe health problems. Over time, severe and sometimes life-altering complications can develop. Some of these may progress undetected over the course of years, often without any outward signs.


  • Chlamydia: PID, infertility
  • Genital herpes: Bladder problems, meningitis
  • Gonorrhoea: PID, infertility
  • Hepatitis B: Cirrhosis, liver cancer
  • HIV: Reduced life expectancy, opportunistic infections
  • HPV: Cervical cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer
  • Syphilis: Blindness, loss of motor skills, dementia, and damage to the heart, brain, eyes, kidneys, and bones



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