WHY STDs CONTINUE TO SPREAD?

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1. Many cases are asymptomatic

Many cases of STDs, particularly in women, are asymptomatic. Individuals who are asymptomatic are unaware that they have an STD and hence do not seek treatment. They will remain diseased and contagious to others.

2. Reluctance to seek health care 

Even if they have symptoms, some people are hesitant to seek STD treatment. This could be due to a lack of knowledge, humiliation, or guilt. They may also be put off by workers who are hostile, a lack of privacy or secrecy, or an intimidating service setting. In a 1993 study of men in Harare, Zimbabwe, it was discovered that only 27% sought STD treatment at primary health-care clinics within four days of first seeing symptoms, 37% between four and seven days, 15% between eight and fourteen days, and 21% took longer than two weeks. Because this was a clinic-based sample, it was impossible to ascertain what percentage of the population had a symptomatic STD.


3. Difficulty of notifying spouse or sex partner(s)

Partner notification is critical for ending STD transmission and reducing probable future reinfection, however there are challenges in practice. Patients may fail to disclose their sex partners for a variety of reasons, including fear, embarrassment, or a lack of understanding of the need of doing so. Notification by the health sector is frequently impractical in resource-constrained contexts.

4. Unavailability or unsuitability of STD services 

In many cases, STD services are not available in a certain area. Even if they exist, they may be difficult to obtain, particularly for women and young people, or they may be lacking in privacy or secrecy. Alternatively, the stigma associated with specialized STD clinics may dissuade consumers from coming. The healthcare practitioner may not look for or notice a rectal STD, which is a significant issue for males who have sex with men.

5. Ignorance of STDs, their causes, symptoms, cures and possible consequences 

Ignorance or disinformation are usually formidable barriers to solving problems, and this is especially true when it comes to STDs and HIV/AIDS. While ignorance of STDs and AIDS can occur in people of all ages and backgrounds, it is most likely to be prevalent among teenagers and young people, who are more sexually active than others, less likely to be in stable sexual relationships, and have limited access to STD care facilities.

6. The prescribed treatment is substandard 

Despite the fact that therapy for STDs such as syphilis, gonorrhoeic, chlamydial infection, chancroid, and trichomoniasis is beneficial when the proper pharmaceuticals are used, government health agencies sometimes choose less expensive but less effective therapies to save money. This approach spreads illness and may hasten the emergence of resistance bacteria.

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